Crude Oil: Black Gold or Black Menace?
With all the publicity nowadays surrounding the price of Crude Oil, I resolved to write an enlightening article on the backdrop of the so-called “Black Gold.” I’ll briefly go over history, environmental effects, pricing and the future of the thick black sludge that is coveted by every major economy in the world. Hopefully you can reach a better point of view on the subject.  The history of Crude Oil is too immense to discuss in this brief editorial so I will limit it to a general overview. The first oil wells were drilled in China in the 4th century. They where as much as 243 meters deep and were drilled utilizing drill bits attached to bamboo poles. The contemporary history of crude began in 1846, with the breakthrough of the process of refining kerosene from coal by Atlantic Canada’s Abraham Pineo Gesner. The first rock oil mine was built in Bobrka, Poland the following year. These breakthroughs rapidly spread around the world, and Meerzoeff built the first Russian refinery in the mature oil fields at Baku in 1861.  James Miller Williams in Oil Springs, Ontario, Canada in 1858, excavated the first commercial oil well drilled in North America. The American petroleum industry commenced with Edwin Drake’s discovery of oil in 1859, near Titusville, Pennsylvania. The industry matured slowly in the 1800s, driven by the demand for kerosene and oil lamps. It became a major national business in the early part of the 20th century. With the introduction of the internal combustion engine came a need that has largely sustained the industry to this day.  While we all need to get to work in some way or another, rarely does anyone consider the environmental effects of the fuel that powers our mode of transportation. Yes we know that the emissions from are cars, buses and trains have a green house effect on our delicate environment; but what about the rest of our ecology? Oil extraction is costly and occasionally environmentally detrimental, although Dr. John Hunt from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution revealed in a 1981 paper that over 70% of the reserves in the world are associated with visible macroseepages, and numerous oil fields are found due to natural leaks. Offshore exploration and extraction of oil agitates the encompassing marine environment. Exploration could call for dredging, which stirs up the sea bottom, stamping out the ocean plants that nautical creatures need to survive. Not to mention the typical Crude Oil and refined fuel spills from tanker ship accidents. All of these factors have tainted frail ecosystems all over the world. Petroleum products are priced like most commodities: supply and demand. While this may sound simple, the actual start to finish process can be a lot more complex subject. References to oil prices are generally related to the spot price of either WTI/Light Crude as traded on New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX). Priced by the barrel, Crude Oil is rapidly becoming the most costly commodity on the market (second only to Gold). Oil pricing is extremely reliant on both its grade and location. The vast majority of oil will not be traded on an exchange but on an over-the-counter basis, typically with reference to a standard crude oil grade that is quoted via a pricing agency such as Argus Media Ltd or Platts. It is often claimed that OPEC arranges the oil price and the real monetary value of a barrel of oil is in the area of $2, which is equivalent to the cost of extraction of a barrel in the Middle East. These appraisals of costs disregard the cost of finding and developing oil reserves.  You can’t talk about the future of oil without talking about the “Hubbert Peak” oil theory. This hypothesis depicts the long-term rate of production of conventional oil and other fuels. It assumes that oil reserves are not replenishable. It also predicts that future world oil production must unavoidably reach a crest and then decline as these reserves are exhausted. Like every other theory of any importance it is highly controversial. “When will the Oil actually start to run out?” is the big question. No matter how you look at it, our society needs to concentrate more efforts on either alternative fuels or more fuel-efficient modes of transportation. While I’m sure that the oil won’t peter out in my life time I would like to think we can leave this world a better place for future generations. In closing, I hope this article has given you a better understanding of the topic and made you a more informed consumer. So the next time your grumbling at the price of gas, at least you’ll understand what you re complaining about. If you would like to read more on the topic of Crude Oil, you can vistit http://www.crudeoilrefineryhome.com/ or read one of the books listed at the end of this article.  Books about the petroleum industry: James Howard Kunstler (2005). The Long Emergency: Surviving the Converging Catastrophes of the Twenty-first Century. Atlantic Monthly Press.  C.J. Campbell (2004). The Coming Oil Crisis.  Peter Odell (2004). Why Carbon Fuels Will Dominate the 21st Century’s Global Energy Economy. Multi Science.  Amory B. Lovins (2004). Winning the Oil Endgame. Rocky Mountain Institute.  Vaclav Smil (2003). Energy at the Crossroads : Global Perspectives and Uncertainties. The MIT Press.Stephen Nelson is a professional commodity trader that specializes in the energy market. http://www.crudeoilrefineryhome.com/
Source: www.ArticlePros.com

Accidents? What Do You Do?
Accidents could happen anytime. In fact, even if you are the careful driver or even if you are the reckless driver, you could actually meet accidents on the road. Sometimes, it even happens right on your street just as you are pulling away from your garage. What do you do when you get involved and be part of a traffic accident? According to the Consumer Protection Association of America, they are continually developing a list of suggestions to help drivers anticipate what they actually need to know when they have to deal with a traffic accident. This organization is also continuously increasing public awareness on traffic safety. The president of the association, Dr. Ray Bruce, state, These tips (on dealing with accidents) can make a big difference in everything from protecting yourself and your passengers to ensuring that you won t be without a car while yours is in the shop. Always have an emergency kit in your glove compartment. This should include a cellular phone, a pen, a paper, and a disposable camera. These would be to take important information about the scene. There should also be a card carrying information about your medical allergies or conditions that may require special attention. In the trunk, there should also be cones, warning triangles and emergency flares. If you are involved in minor accidents and there are no serious injuries, move your cars to the side. Do not stay on the road and bother oncoming traffic. If you do such a thing, chances are that there might be more traffic accidents headed your way because of your vehicles obstructing the road. On the other hand, if the car cannot be moved, make sure that you warn other motorists by setting out your hazard lights, cones, flares, or warning triangles. Exchange information with the other parties involved. Exchange names, addresses, phone numbers, insurance companies, policy numbers, drivers license numbers, and license plate numbers. Also, take down the description of each car, the year, make, model, and color. The location of the collision and how it happened should also be recorded. If your vehicle needs some replacement parts, you can actually get them for low prices at Auto Parts Online which specializes in Jeep parts although there are other vehicle parts available as well. Jenny McLane is a 36 year old native of Iowa and has a knack for research on cars and anything and everything about it. She works full time as a Market Analyst for one of the leading car parts suppliers in the country today.
Source: www.ArticlePros.com

Bangalore traffic - a Glorious approach for Smooth Traffic system
Bangalore is the dream city of almost every Indian citizen. Bangalore is something very special place developed on the hilly region of Karnataka in southern India. The climatic condition and topography of Bangalore makes it more special. As usual when there is more publicity, development of infrastructure, more job Opportunities and various other indirect factors affects the Migration of population and hence the weight on the Infrastructure, road, and traffic is caused. Similar is the case with the Bangalore city. In recent past there has been a tremendous Development took place in the silicon city of India called Bangalore .Consequently the effect on the infrastructure is quite visible. Earlier in Bangalore, I never have seen such a wild and congested traffic but now the case is quite different. In nut shell , it is Quite logical to say that there has been very less development took place in infrastructure , roadways, traffic system etc compared to the Volume Of development took Place in other sectors Like in Industries , Establishment of various research & software design centre etc . Time is Not far away when the people of Bangalore will have to face all sorts of Road traffic problem as it is now seen in various metros Like In Delhi , Calcutta , Mumbai etc . Moreover one good news for the People of Bangalore is that recently few weeks back all the prominent Business leaders, academician and Research scholars met in the city along with the chief minister courtesy times Now, Media partner, to evaluate the development of Bangalore city and the steps required to take to met the growing demands of the population, improve the infrastructure . Moreover, to make the Bangalore city redefined and reshaped to face the challenge of new emerging hi-tech metro city of India. The work has just begun. I am feeling quite satisfied and happy to see the nature and cool temperament of the inhabitants of the City of Bangalore. This gives me a good hope at last there is one city where we can Say road rage is obsolete word in this city traffic. I hope my dream and every one s dream of turning Our Beautiful Bangalore into an ultra modern world Class City for its inhabitants will come true very soon. The dream is not far away if it is really implemented as promised by the respective Karnataka go government. Tapan is an associated editor to the website: Indian Traffic News.com - The Latest Traffic News Portal. Indian Traffic News is committed to provide visitors with complete information on Road accidents, <a href=http://www.indiantrafficnews.com>City specific news</a> like Delhi traffic news, <a href=http://www.indiantrafficnews.com>Bangalore traffic news</a>, <a href=http://www.indiantrafficnews.com>Road Traffic information</a>, <a href=http://www.indiantrafficnews.com>Latest traffic news</a> and its related topics.
Source: www.ArticlePros.com